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奧古斯特•羅丹年譜
（Auguste
Rodin, 1840~1917
）
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1840 |
0歲 |
11月12日生於巴黎。 |
August Rodin
was born on 12 November, in Paris.
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1850 |
10歲 |
開始繪畫。 |
He Started to
draw.
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1854 |
14歲 |
進入珀堤-
繪畫與數學專門學校。與勒科克．德．布瓦博德朗及路易．皮埃爾．居斯塔夫．福爾，學習素描及泥塑。 |
He attended a special school
for drawing and mathematics, known as “La Petite Ecole”,
and followed courses given by Lecocq de Boisbaudran and
the painter Belloc.
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1855 |
15歲 |
開始接觸雕塑。 |
Rodin
discovered sculpture.
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1857 |
17歲 |
離開珀堤學校，申請進入美術學院《Ecole
des Beaux-Arts》，但連續三次被拒於門外。
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He left “La
Petit Ecole” and sought admission to the Ecole des
Beaux-Arts. He was rejected three times.
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1858 |
18歲 |
羅丹開始為裝飾藝術家與雕塑家工作。 |
Rodin worked
for several decorators and ornamentlists.
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1862 |
22歲 |
因姊姊瑪麗亞之死而大受打擊，於是進入大聖體宗修道院當初學修士，歷時一年，並製作埃馬爾神父的半身像。 |
Stricken by
the death of his sister Maria, he withdrew to the
Monastery of the Order of the Holy Sacrament, where he
stayed for one year, until 1863.
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1864 |
24歲 |
羅丹開始與卡里耶一貝勒茲合作。遇見未來的伴侶，當時年廿歲的羅絲。卡蜜兒．克勞岱出生。
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He started to
work with Carrier-Belleuse. He met Rose Beuret, aged 20.
Birth of Camille Claudel.
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1866 |
26歲 |
兒子奧古斯特─鄂簡．伯雷《Auguste-Eugene
Beuret》出生。
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Birth of his son Auguste-Eugène
Beuret.
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1867 |
27歲 |
從事雕塑助理工作。 |
He worked as
a practicien (sculptor’s assistant) for several
ornamentalists.
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1870 |
30歲 |
陪同Van
Rasbourgh前往布魯塞爾。回到巴黎，Garde
Nationale將羅丹列名為下士，但由於他輕蔑的態度，最終被除名。 |
Rodin
accompanied Van Rasbourgh to Brussels. On his return to
Paris, he was enlisted in the Garde Nationale as a
corporal but was subsequently discharged because of his
myopia.
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1871 |
31歲 |
除名後，他又來到比利時投奔卡里耶－貝勒茲。羅丹的母親過世，羅絲到布魯塞爾與羅丹一起生活。 |
After his discharge, he
joined Carrier-Belleuse in Belgium. Death of his mother,
Rose joined Rodin in Brussels at the end of the year.
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1872 |
32歲 |
與卡里耶一貝勒茲結束合作，回到巴黎。 |
He stopped
working for Carrier-Belleuse and return to Paris.
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1873 |
33歲 |
與比利時雕塑家安東尼喬瑟夫凡哈斯布合作。 |
He associated
himself with the Belgian sculptor Antoine-Joseph Van
Rasbourgh.
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1874 |
34歲 |
在比利時，參與布魯塞爾宮殿的裝飾期間，繪製了一系列森林的風景畫，並製作石版畫描述諷刺性雜誌Le
Petit Comique。 |
While in Belgium, he participated in the
decoration of the Palais des Académies
in Brussels, painted a series of landscapes of the
Soignes forest and made some lithographs to illustrate
the satirical magazaine Le Petit Comique.
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1875 |
35歲 |
至義大利旅遊，研究米開朗基羅的雕塑，開始塑造《青銅時代》。 |
Rodin traveled to Italy where
he studied the work of Michelangelo. After the trip from
Italy, he started to work on《The
Age of Bronze》.
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1877 |
37歲 |
於布魯塞爾的藝術俱樂部展出《青銅時代》，繼之在巴黎藝術沙龍展出，人體表現過於真實，因而被控以真人翻模製作。秋天在法國中部展開第一次教堂之旅，與羅絲離開比利時返回法國。
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He exhibited
《The
Age of Bronze》
at the Cercle
Artistique et Littéraire
in Brussels, then the Salon des Artistes Française in
Paris. Rodin was accused of having cast his statue
directly from life. In autumn, Rodin undertook his first
tour of cathedrals in central France. Rodin and Rose
left Belgium and returned to France.
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1879 |
39歲 |
羅丹在塞弗勒工作室工作，直到1882年12月。 |
Rodin worked at the Manufacture de Sèvres
until Decembre 1882.
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1880 |
40歲 |
搬進在大學路182號的第一個工作室，他一直保留這間工作室直到去世。法國政府買下《青銅時代》，並委託他為裝飾藝術美術館設計製作一扇紀念門。於是開始了「地獄門」的製作，這件作品花費了羅丹畢生的心血，不過直到他死後，也還僅止於翻模鑄銅階段。
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He moved into his first studio at the
Dépot des Marbes, 182 Rue de
l’Université, which he kept until he died. The French
State bought
《The
Age of Bronze》and
commissioned him to sculpt a monumental door,《The
Gate of Hell》for
the future Museum of Decorative Arts. Although he worked
on it until the end of his life, it was never delivered
and was only cast in bronze after he died.
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1881 |
41歲 |
法國政府購買《施洗者約翰》。羅丹首次走訪英國，並在倫敦向阿爾豐尼斯勒國學習雕刻技術 |
The French State bought a
bronze model of
《Saint
John the Baptist》.
He visited England for the first time and learned the
techniques of engraving from Alphonse Legros in London.
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1882 |
42歲 |
雕塑了《亞當》、《夏娃》和《沉思者》。 |
He sculpted the figures of《Adam》,《Eve》and《The
Thinker》.
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1883 |
43歲 |
與當時年僅十九歲的卡蜜兒•克勞岱相遇。羅丹的父親過世。 |
He met
Camille Claudel, who was only 19 years old. Death of
Rodin’s father.
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1885 |
45歲 |
受加萊市之託，創作一件厄斯塔什．德．聖皮耶像，後稱「加萊義民」群像，1895年羅丹出席該作品的開幕式。 |
The city council of Calais
commissioned a monument to commemorate Eustache de Saint
Pierre, which was to become known as The Monument to
《The
Burghers of Calais》
and was inaugurated in 1895 in the presence of Rodin.
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1886 |
46歲 |
羅丹接到邀請，為智利的聖地牙哥製作Benjmin
Vicuna Mackenna 和General
Patrico Lynch。作品《吻》問世。 |
He received orders for
monuments to Benjmin Vicuna Mackenna and General
Patricio Lynch for Santiago in Chile.《The
Kiss》was
finished.
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1887 |
47歲 |
榮獲騎士勳章。為伽里瑪出版商做《惡之華》插圖。 |
He was appointed Knight of the Légion
d’Honneur. He illustrated a copy of
“Les
Fleurs du Mal”by
Baudelaire belonging to Gallimard.
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1888 |
48歲 |
法國政府委託製作大理石雕塑《吻》，並於1889年萬國博覽會展出。 |
The State commissioned
《The
Kiss》
in marble for the Universal Exhibition of 1889.
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1889 |
49歲 |
成為全國美術家協會創始人之一。接受製作畫家克勞德．洛漢紀念碑任務，作品於1892年揭幕。與莫內聯展於喬治．柏提畫廊（Galerie
Georges Petit）。接到萬神殿－雨果像的訂製。 |
He became a founding member of the Société
Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He received a commission for a
Monument to Claude Lorrain which was inagurated in Nancy
in 1892. He exhibited with Claude Monet at the Galerie
Georges Petit. He received an order for a Monument to
Victor Hugo to be placed in the Pantheon.
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1890 |
50歲 |
《雨果》座像的方案被否決。 |
The project for the Monument
to
《Victor
Hugo》
(Victor Hugo seated) was turned down.
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1891 |
51歲 |
羅丹正為萬神殿創作第二件雨果像時，第一座《雨果座像》由盧森堡公園收購，另外製作新造型的《雨果像》立像。法國作家協會委託製作《巴爾札克》像。 |
While he prepared a new
maquette for the Pantheon (Victor Hugo standing), the
first project for a Monument to Victor Hugo was ordered
for a garden. The Société des Gens de Lettres
commissioned a Monument to
《Balzac》.
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1892 |
52歲 |
羅丹被封為雷炯榮譽官員。 |
Rodin was
promoted Officer of the Légion d 'Honneur.
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1893 |
53歲 |
成為全國美術家協會副會長，及該校雕塑系主任。聘布魯戴爾為助理。 |
Rodin succeeded Dalou as
President of the Sculpture Department and Vice-President
of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He hired
Bourdelle as a practicien.
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1894 |
54歲 |
11月28日受莫內之邀到吉維尼（Giverny），並遇見塞尚。接受阿根廷訂作莎彌安托紀念碑，並於1990年揭幕。 |
On 28
November. Rodin was invited by Monet to Giverny where he
met Cézanne. He received an order for a Monument to
Sarmiento for Buenos Aires (Argentina) which was
inaugurated in 1900.
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1895 |
55歲 |
買下自1893年即租賃的默東市Brillants別墅，並開始整理古董及繪畫的蒐藏。《加萊義民》紀念碑揭幕。 |
He bought the Villa des
Brillants in Meudon which he had rented since 1893 and
started to build up his collection of antiques and
paintings. Inauguration in Calais of The Monument to
《The
Burghers of Calais》.
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1896 |
56歲 |
《羅丹、普維．德．夏凡納、卡里耶》展在日內瓦的Rath博物館舉行。 |
“Rodin, Puvis
de Chavannes, Carrière” exhibition at the Rath Museum in
Geneva.
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1897 |
57歲 |
藝術贊助者莫里斯．佛那葉出版了羅丹142張素描集，稱為《谷畢畫冊》(以出版者命名)。《雨果像》於全國美術家協會沙龍展出。
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An art patron, Maurice Fenaille,
publisfied a series of 142 drawings by Rodin, with a
preface by Octave Mirbeau, known as the “Goupil Album”
(named after the publisher). The Monument to Victor Hugo
was displayed at the Salon of the
Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts.
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1898 |
58歲 |
與當時年僅34歲的卡蜜兒•克勞岱分手。法國作家協會拒絕在全國美術家協會沙龍展出《巴爾札克》雕像。 |
He broke up with Camille
Claudel who was then 34 years old. The Société des Gens
de Lettres refused the plaster statue of
《Balzac》
which was presented at the Salon of the Société
Nafionale des Beaux-Arts.
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1899 |
59歲 |
羅丹接到製作普維．德．夏凡納紀念碑任務。他的首展於布魯塞爾、鹿特丹、阿姆斯特丹及海牙展出。大型《夏娃》雕像於全國美術家協會沙龍展出。 |
He received a commission for
a Monument to Puvis de Chavannes. First exhibition
devoted to him in Brussels, then Rotterdam, Amsterdam
and The Hague. The large-scale
《Eve》was
shown at the Salon of the Société Nationale des
Beaux-Arts.
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1900 |
60歲 |
獲頒比利時雷歐騎士勳章，在巴黎萬國博覽會中阿爾瑪廣場的羅丹館開幕。 |
Rodin was appointed Knight of
the Order of Leopold of Belgium. Inauguration of the
Rodin Pavilion at Place de l'Alma in Paris on the
occasion of the Universal Exhibition.
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1901 |
61歲 |
萬國博覽會羅丹館被拆除，並於默東Brillants別墅的土地上重建。之後成為工作室。由簡鄂•德魯耶（Eugene
Druet）策劃的羅丹作品攝影展於國家現代畫廊展出。
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The Rodin
Pavilion for the Universal Exhibition was dismantled and
reinstalled in Meudon, on the grounds of the Villa des
Brillants. It was converted into a studio. Major
photographic exhibition of Rodin s works by Eugene Druet
at the Galerie des Artistes Modemes.
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1902 |
62歲 |
於布拉格展出重要作品。巧遇詩人里爾克，1905年9月15日至1906年5月12日間，擔任羅丹的秘書。第二版《酷刑之園》出版，內含羅丹的插圖，及奧古斯特．克洛的版畫。
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Major
exhibition of Rodin in Prague. Rodin met the poet Rainer
Maria Rilke (1875-1926). He was Rodin’s secretary from
15 September 1905 to 12 May 1906. Illustrations for the
second edition of “Mirbeau 's Jardin des Supplices”,
with lithographs by Auguste Clot.
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1903 |
63歲 |
被任命為雷炯榮譽大使。 |
Rodin was
appointed Commander of the Legion d'Honneur.
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1904 |
64歲 |
認識修瑟公爵夫人（他們的友誼於1912年破裂）。大型《沉思者》石膏像首次在倫敦的國際畫家、雕塑家協會展出，接著在巴黎沙龍展出銅雕。與一位英國女畫家、作家，哥溫都蘭瑪．麗強（1876-1939）認識，並成為他的情婦，即作品《惠斯勒繆絲》的模特兒。杜塞爾多夫舉辦國際展覽。 |
Rodin met the Duchesse de
ChoiseuI (their friendship broke up in 1912). First
exhibition of a large-scale plaster of The Thinker at
the International Society of Painters, Sculptors and
Engravers in London, then a bronze version at the Salon
in Paris. Friendship with Gwendolen Mary John
(1876-1939), an English painter, woman of letters, and
sister of the painter Augustus John. She became the
mistress of Rodin and was his model for the《Whistler
Muse》.
International exhibition in Dusseldorf.
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1905 |
65歲 |
被任命藝術高級委員會成員，並獲依耶那（Iéna）大學榮譽博士。
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Rodin was
appointed member of the Conseil Supérieur des Beaux-Arts
and awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of
Iéna.
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1906 |
66歲 |
獲葛拉斯哥（Glasgow）大學榮譽博士。《沉思者》置於萬神殿前。被任命為柏林美院導師。在馬賽殖民展展出一系列柬埔寨舞者的素描水彩。遇到日本舞者花子（Hanako，1868~1945），於1907年首次當羅丹的模特兒。
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Rodin was
awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of
Glasgow. The Thinker was placed in front of the
Pantheon. Rodin was appointed titular member of the
Berlin Academy of Fine Arts. He painted a series of
watercolours of Cambodian dancers who performed at the
Colonial Exhibition in Marseilles. He met the Japanese
dancer Hanako (1868-1945) who posed for him for the
first time in 1907.
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1907 |
67歲 |
獲牛津大學榮譽博士。在巴黎伯漢畫廊舉行首次大型素描展。大件的《行走的人》在國立美術沙龍展出。
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Rodin was granted an Honorary
Doctorate by Oxford University. The first major
exhibition devoted exclusively to his drawings at the
Galerie Bernheim Jeune
in Paris. The Walking Man (large model) was exhibited at
the Salon of the
Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts.
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1908 |
68歲 |
作品《大教堂》完成。因里爾克，找到並搬進比隆公寓(現在的巴黎羅丹美術館)。主要繪畫作品分別在維也納、萊比錫及巴黎展出。
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《The
Cathedral》was
created. Thanks to Rilke, Rodin discovered the Hôtel
Biron (now the Rodin Museum in Paris) and moved in.
Major exhibitions of drawings in Vienna, Leipzig and
Paris.
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1909 |
69歲 |
決定賣掉比隆別墅。於巴黎德范貝畫廊舉行重要繪畫作品展。保羅埃斯庫迪繪製了向國家捐贈畫作的第一稿。
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Decision to sell the Hôtel Biron. Major
exhibition of drawings at the Galerie
Devambez in Paris. First draft of a
donation to the State drawn up by Paul
Escudier.
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1910 |
70歲 |
羅丹成為雷炯的榮譽高級官員。在巴黎的吉伯宴會廳舉辦畫展。 |
Rodin was
appointed Grand Officer of tlie Légion d'Honneur.
Exhibition of drawings at the Gil Bias Salle des Fêtes
in Paris.
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1911 |
71歲 |
柏林美院舉行皇家展覽。接受法國政府委託為萬神殿製作普維．德．夏凡納胸像。英國政府購買《加萊義民》群像，置於威斯敏斯特花園。《行走的人》置於羅馬的法爾內斯宮。
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Royal exhibition of the
Berlin Fine Arts Academy. The State commissioned a Bust
of Puivis de Chavannes for the Pantheon. Acquisition of《The
Burghers of Calais》by
England for the Westminster garden.
《The
Walking Man》was
installed in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome.
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1912 |
72歲 |
於東京舉辦展覽。在里昂新圖書館展示繪畫作品。紐約大都會博物館羅丹館揭幕。 |
Rodin
exhibition in Tokyo. Display of drawings at the Nouvelle
Bibliotheque in Lyons. Inauguration of the Rodin Room in
the Metropolitan Museum of New York.
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1913 |
73歲 |
卡蜜兒．克勞岱進療養院。在巴黎第一次展出羅丹蒐藏的古董。羅丹赴倫敦監督《加萊義民》群像於國會前的裝置情形。 |
Internment of Camille Claudel in an
asylum. Exhibition at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris
where Rodin’ s collection of antiques were shown for the
first time. Rodin went to London
to supervise the installation of《The
Burghers of Calais》in
front of the Parliament.
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1914 |
74歲 |
阿曼德．科林出版《法國大教堂》，查里．默立斯寫序。為躲避戰爭，在茱蒂．克拉德多年的陪同下，羅丹與羅絲離開法國到英國。在羅馬，他與瑪雪一家住在一起。 |
Publication by Armand Colin
of the “Cathédrales de France”, and a preface by Charles
Morice. Rodin fled the war and left France for England
with Rose, in the company of Judith Cladel. He stayed in
Rome with the Marshalls.
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1915 |
75歲 |
再次去了羅馬，為教皇班尼迪克16世做胸像。《加萊義民》於倫敦正式揭幕，但卻沒有舉辦開幕式。展覽會現場的18件作品，有16件捐贈給愛丁堡皇家蘇格蘭學院。 |
Another trip to Rome during
which Rodin sculpted a Bust of Pope Benedict XV.
《The
Burghers of Calais》
was unveiled
officially in London without a ceremony.
Exhibition of sixteen of the eighteen works donated to
England at the Royal Scottish Academy of Edinburgh.
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|
1916 |
76歲 |
羅丹病重。連續三次捐贈作品給法國政府(4月1日、9月13日及10月25日)，代表處、參議院分別接受了他的捐助，政府出資將比隆公寓改為羅丹美術館。 |
Rodin fell seriously ill.
Three successive donations (1st April, 13 September and
25 October) of Rodin s collections to the State. The
Chamber of Deputies and then the Senate accepted the
donation, and the National Assembly voted for the
establishment of the Rodin Museum in the Hôtel Biron.
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1917
|
77歲 |
1月29日與羅絲在默東結婚，羅絲於2月14日病逝，羅丹亦於同年11月17日過世。11月24日，他被安葬在穆東緊挨著羅絲。他們的墓上安置了《沉思者》雕像。 |
Rodin married
Rose Beuret on 29 January in Meudon. Rose died on 14
February and Rodin died on 17 November. He was buried in
Meudon on 24 November, next to Rose. Their tomb is
dominated by The Thinker.
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1919 |
79歲 |
官方宣佈羅丹美術館成立，並於1919年8月4日對公眾開放。 |
A decree
officially established the Rodin Museum which opened its
doors to the public on 4 August 1919.
|